ALLIED PRODUCES
It is also used for softening the flavor of tobacco. For wedding, feast and ceremonial occasions rose water is used. India exports rose water to U.K., USA, Canada, France, Australia, Singapore, Bahrain, Ethiopia, Fiat, Kuwait, Nepal, Oman, East Africa, Malaysia and Saudi Arabia.
The rose water can be prepared from very fragrant rose also like "Ena Harkness", "Charles Mallerin", "Chrysler Imperial", R. manias etc. To make it at home 500 gm of fresh petals of fragrant red rose may be boiled in low heat in a large kettle half filled with water. A length of rubber tube is attached to the spout with the other end leading a jar or bottle. The middle portion of the tube is kept in iced water. The pure rose water will drip in the jar or bottle until almost all water in the kettle has been evaporated. The rose water is than kept in sealed glass container to be used when required (Roy Genders, 1965).
ROSE OIL
Mughal Emperor, Babur first introduced the musk and damask rose in India at his garden near Agra, in 1526. The empress Nor When the wife of Babues descendant, Emperor Jahangir W believed to have discovered rose oil in 1612. Isis said that she noticed drops of rose-oil floating on the surface of water while she was taking bath in a tank full of rose water. She observed that heat of sun had formed a thin filrn of oil on the top of the water. She ordered that this oil should be skimmed off and put carefully into bottle and sealed. In the era of barter exchange, value of the rose ad w estimated by its five times equivalent weight of gold.
Inspite of thousands of varieties of roses available in nature, only a dozen Sr Sc are used for extracting rose oil. The most suitable species are however, Rosa danzascena, Rosa rentifolia, Rosa alba and Rosa ritiwnsis. The essential oil is present in the epidermal sells of the inner surface of the petal, which constitute the most highly perfumed part of the flower. The relative concentration of the essential oil in the different parts of the flower of R.darnascoin is as follows: Petals 92.8%, Stamens 4.6%, Ovary with Calyx 2-3% and Stigma 0.3% (Anonymous, 1972). Rose on is usually extracted from the flowers by steam distillation Sr by extraction with volatile solvents.
Rosa dat.stena is grown in India in nearly 3500 ha in Aligarh, Gazipur, Farrukabad (Kanauj) and Salta districts of Uttar Pradesh, beside smaller areas in Ajmer (Pushkar), Udaipur district in Rajasthan, and also at Palampur of I limachal Pradesh. 'The cultivars, "Noorjehan" is grown in gangetic plains. The cullivars "Jwala" is recommended for subtropical regions in foothills and "Flimioa" is suitable for temperate region (Gupta, 2002). In Uttar Pradesh, two kinds of roses are grown for perfumery. Damask rose i.e. R. damascata known locally as 'Faslr, 'Bussorah' or llarwara' in Aligarh and Ghazipur and Edward rose i.e. R. bourboosim, locally known as 'Chenia gulab' or '13aramase in Vannauj and Kanpur. Inc India rose, oil is obtained not directly from the distillate. Rose water obtained from red Damask flowers is placed in shallow earthenware or metal vessels covered with white muslin cloth and left to lie in the open during night The fragrant butter like white substance floating on the surface of rose water is collected by means of a shell of feather and stored in glass bottles.
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