Classification Of Roses

THE COMPLETE BOOK OF ROSES

Pruning is done gradually by removing maximum of one-third shoots at a time from one plants to avoid shock to the roots and the resulting die-back Such treatments give good bottom breaks arid stronger stems (Bhattachajee and De, 2003).

FEEDING OF PLANTS

For application of accurate dose of fertilbers, frequent analysis of soil samples is essential. For intensive and economical rose crop production both water and fertilisers are applied to growing crops through drip irrigation system which is known as "fertigation." The fertilization provides nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron. manganese. zinc, boron, copper and molybdenum directly to the active root zone, thus minimising the losses of expensive nutrients, which ultimately helps in productivity and quality of rose flowers (Bhattacharjee and De, 2003).

The rose cultivars 'First Red', "Escada" and "Mercedes" were grown in rock wool with 0.5, 4.0 or 7.0 mm Ca in the nutrient solution. It has been observed that under Ca- deficient conditions, susceptibility of Botrylis cincren increased, necrosis and abscission of the old leaves occurred, mid petal necrosis was slightly higher (Baas et. al.„ 2000). Four rose cultivars "Dallas", Royal Velvet, "Sainantra" and "Vega" were grown from May to December in sand culture. The plants were irrigated with the same nutrient solution using a recirculation system. "Ramada" and "Vega" exhibited a lower concentration of total N and higher concentration of P in sap than "Royal Velvet' and "Dallas" (Cadahia et. al.„ 1998).

Baas et. al., (2004) studied the nutrient emission from a cut rose closed system by high-flux irrigation and low nutrient concentrations. They observed that oxygen deficiency did not occur in the growing media at the relatively high irrigation rates. They also confirmed that NaCI concentrations of 10 mM can be tolerated by cut rose provided nutritional elements are not below certain limiting concentrations. Brun et. al., (2001) investigated the recycling of nutrient solutions for Rosa hybrid in soilless culture. Recycling systems based on electrical conductivity (EC) were tested and compared to systems without recycling. It has been recorded by them that flower yield, quality of vase life of R. hybrid were not affected by recycling. Management of recycling using EC measurement proved to be reliable. There are good relationships between EC and ions concentrations for supplied solutions and leachate solutions recycled and not recycled.

IRRIGATION

In poly houses, noules and drip system of irrigation is practical. To distribute the water horizontally drip irrigation is used. The drip irrigation system can be sub divided into two main groups according la the location of the emitter (dripper), namely surface and sub-surface drip irrigation. In surface irrigation a single drip line between two rows of plants or one drip line for each row of plants is used. In free drained sandy sods, many drip points are required to supply sufficient water to all plants. In sub-surface irrigation drip lines are laid out 10-15 cm below the soil surface in the root zone of the plants. The sub-surface irrigation allows the water to come in direct contact of the roots.

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