The Ultimate Pleasure Of Growing Flowers

RAISING NEW ROSES

New rose varieties are obtained through natural mutation or bud sports, natural crossing, hybridization and mutation breeding. Roses ere cross pollinated in nature by insects, especially the bees. Insects are attracted by the color and the perfume of the flower. Sands farmed through natural pollination may give a variable progeny, spxxially the modern varieties, possessing a complex pedigree. By raising, these naturally cross pollinated seeds, new forms of roses may be obtained. Through proper selection new rose varieties may be obtained. The variant forms, called mutants or sports appear from time to time, on established varieties naturally, in which a plant afro existing variety putiforth a shoot, where genetical change occurred. New variety can be propagated from mutated branch through vegetative propagation. For example "Kronenburg" and "Chicago Peace" or mutants of "Peace". To develop new varieties with desirable characters crow breeding is one of the most powerful methods. The rose breeders with good judgements and probity are able to raise valuable rose cultivars through artificial and selective cross breeding. Rose hybridization is time consuming require skill, patience and sincere love for roses. As stated by J. L. Harkness in 1973, a rose nurseryman and breeder, after 12 years at breeding roses "My own estimate of our varieties is that we can at present say we have raised nnly five-first class roses out of the several hundred thousand seedlings. I hope that for all rose growers, whether breeders or not, our days among our roses will help In mold us into creatures who perform their ordained tasks in creation more perfectly".

High energy radiations including X-ray, gamma-irradiation as well as chemical rentagens have been used successfully to generate new varieties. Through these techniques, changes in color, size, form of flowers and in growth habit of roses have been recorded.

HYBRIDIZATION

Conventional breeding is little bit difficult in rose because of the nature of its sexual reproduction. The success results in rose breeding is very poor Is...cause it is known fact that rose is a complex hybrid gone through interspecific hybridization and polyploidy. Rose it high heterozygous, having very high rate of male and female sterility and blended with various types of chromosomal aberration. Difficulties in breeding is mainly due to hurdle faced by different rose cultivar in every step of breeding, right from the anthesis. pollination, fertilization, seed setting which continued up to seed germination. Germination of rose seed is difficult due to presence of hard seed coat Pericarp and testa of rose seed possesses ABA that is known to create dormancy.

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